What is necessary to establish a refuge station in case of emergency?

To establish a refuge station in case of emergency, having effective sealants such as clay or other comparable materials is essential because they help create a breathable and safe environment for individuals inside the refuge. The primary function of using clay or a sealant is to prevent the intrusion of contaminants, such as smoke or harmful gases, from entering the shelter. This protective measure ensures the integrity of the refuge station, effectively shielding the occupants from hazardous conditions in the mine.

While having communication with the surface, pure oxygen, and clear conditions are also important aspects of mine safety, the immediate requirement for a refuge station focuses on creating a secure space that can isolate occupants from external dangers. A sealant is critical because it directly contributes to the life-sustaining conditions needed until rescue can be achieved.